I take many of the ideas in this post from Darien Thira, an expert in the field of Aboriginal suicide. I spent all of last week in Nanaimo learning how to deliver his suicide prevention workshop.
The reason why Aboriginal youth kill themselves at a rate six times higher than the overall population is to stop the pain and hopelessness that result from being subjected to colonization.
You can’t understand Aboriginal suicide without looking at colonization. We, as Indigenous people, must realize that we did not have sky-high suicide rates before the European invasion (contact is too clean a word for what actually happened).
When Canadian society says we’re sick that’s like a psychopathic killer complaining to someone he’s tried to strangle repeatedly that she should do something about the marks on her neck and see a psychiatrist about her recurrent nightmares and low self-esteem.
This intended target would not show these symptoms and others if this strangler never attacked her in the first place. You see the problem does not lie with the target as it does with the strangler. The problem with this psychopath is that he never goes away.
That is the point that Roland Chrisjohn makes in his book “The Circle Game” when he unpacks the term residential school syndrome and places the sickness squarely with the insatiable colonizer. What follows, is his theory:
DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR
RESIDENTIAL SCHOOL SYNDROME:
POST COLONIAL MODEL
Residential school syndrome is a personality disorder manifested in an individual’s
specific behavioural action of:
(1) Obliterating another people’s way of life by taking the children of the group away
from their parents and having them raised in ignorance of, and/or in contempt for,
their heritage;
(2) Helping himself/herself to the property of the target group;
(3) Pervasive pattern of attempted indoctrination of children of another group of
people.
Symptoms must also include at least four (or more) of the following:
(1) a grandiose sense of self-importance and/or infallibility;
(2) unjustified feelings of moral and/or intellectual superiority;
(3) an intense desire to change the subject when phrases “economic self interest”
or “crimes against humanity” arise, or the words “genocide,” “racism,”“colonialism,”
or “oppression” are heard;
(4) lack of personal insight, or an absence of self-criticism;
(5) unwillingness to accord human status or rights to creatures not passing arbitrary
and inexpressible “standards”;
(6) obsession with juggling history books and/or shredding documents;
(7) marked fluency in rhetoric, including ability to sound like apologizing without
doing so, to call people “liars” without actually using the word, and to sound
sympathetic while studiously avoiding any criminal or financial liability;
(8) tendency to repeat certain phrases like “We don’t need an enquiry” or
“Let’s let bygones be bygones”.
Chrisjohn, R., Young, S., & Mauraun, M. (1997). The circle game: Shadows and substance
in the Indian residential school experience in Canada. Penticton, BC: Theytus Books, Ltd.
9 responses to “Why are Aboriginal suicide rates so high? It’s colonization.”
Jamaal Hartman
May 27th, 2010 at 03:41
Hehe I’m actually the first reply to your amazing article?!?
N3 - Nubian News Network
August 8th, 2010 at 21:37
So what is the remedy? Now that you have noted the problem? Is it simply the antithesis of everything stated above or much more than that?
We discuss that it would be individual based in terms of how to cure this ill.
Also please refrain from using the term aboriginal simply because to abhor means to hate, here is a link that gives a much better explanation than we ever could. We did not find a video but we found something even better.
Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z7eubc-Yk3M
nativecoach
August 10th, 2010 at 13:59
If I was using the term abhoriginal, then your point would be a valid concern. But the term is aboriginal and it relates to being the original inhabitants. That being said, I don’t like the term as it was used by the colonial Canadian government to homogenize all First Nations, Metis, Inuit and non-status Indians for the end game of denying our sovereignty and rights. I’m Anishinaabe. You never hear us say we’re aboriginal.
Nubian News Network
August 10th, 2010 at 23:28
Much respect for the detailed response, we did not know about the canadian government, do you have any other sources concerning what you stated? We would be greatly interested. Also what do you feel is the solution to lessening the suicide rates? More cultural classes taught to that respective culture by the elders in that culture? or what?
nativecoach
August 11th, 2010 at 03:24
In many First Nations communities, there is a real inter-generational distrust and disconnect, making it hard for elders and youth to forge real and meaningful relationships. Also, many, but definitely not all, elders find it hard to pass along cultural teachings to the youth because either they themselves were robbed of these cultural teachings by being forced to go to residential school or, if they still have this ancestral wisdom, unreleased trauma prevents them from passing it down. This was precipitated by the brutal colonization we are still forced to endure (except now it’s far more subtle, yet equally insidious). I’ll give you an example from my family. My parents still speak the Anishinaabeg language, but did not teach me or my brother. We grew up speaking English. My parents only spoke it when they were talking in code (i.e. Christmas gifts, Pepsi and punishments) and they did not want us, as children, to understand. Many decades after their abuse at residential school, they still had unreleased trauma that they associated with getting beaten or worse for speaking their own language. Even though my parents are in their 70′s, they do not consider themselves to be elders. Also, they are still Christians, a religion that many First Nations people of their generation still strongly identify with.
Many people the world over know that First Nations youth suicide rates in Canada are some of the highest in the world (six or seven times the national average). What many people are not aware of is that the First Nations elderly suicide rates are of the lowest in the country. And therein lies the answer to your question. Elders in our communities are treated with respect. Elders are cared for by the family and typically not placed in a seniors residence. Elders have a meaningful social role in ceremonial and community functions. And (uncolonized) Elders are the source of spiritual vision. Contrast our treatment of Elders with the dominant society’s low view of its elderly population and that is why the suicide rate in the dominant Canadian society goes up with every year a person gets older after 40.
Our youth lack all of these four key aspects of care and respect. Once they get these integral pieces back, the suicide rates will plummet. Be included in community decisions. Have an essential role in ceremony. Receive love. Be respected. This is the solution. For this to happen, the communities will need to take off our colonial costumes and once again adorn our traditional regalia in mind, heart, body and spirit.
Much of these ideas on First Nations suicide prevention are from Darien Thira, PhD, who is a wonderful facilitator here in Vancouver BC, Canada.
Nubian News Network
August 12th, 2010 at 02:51
Wow, what you responded with almost parallels the treatment of slaves, except the punishment was much worse like have your tongue cut out or boiling water poured down your throat but still punishment none the less. The word that resonates with us is RESPECT, we have lost respect for ourselves. How do you think those that administered the beatings to y(our) elders will respond if we collectively decide to reclaim our heritage and be PROUD of our sun dances and festivals regardless of the ridicule. We have seen native american ceremonies being performed and you can see the disgust on some of the tribesmen’s face when the colonizer is there video taping them like its entertainment and not something sacred. So sad….Are there any schools set up for First Nationers? also do you think your parents did not teach you or your brother the Anishinaabeg language because they thought it would make your life harder not to mention the beatings they endured?
Lastly, this may be a touchy subject but still a great point of discussion, is it not sad that people identify so closely with the religion of the colonizer though it was used as a scapegoat to mistreat them? There was a time when the sun was worshiped and rightfully so because it gave life – that you could visibly see….it just makes one wonder.
nativecoach
August 12th, 2010 at 12:46
I prefer not to compare our inflicted abuses with other colonial abuses, except as a way of sharing in collective pain and grief.
What fascinates me is the capacity to be resilient in the face of pain and loss. What are the defining traits that make some resilient and others fragile when exposed to similar levels of trauma? What is your take on the level of Christianity’s popularity within the global African communities? What I’ve seen in many First Nations is varying levels of syncretism marrying Native traditions with Christian ones? Do you think that the Christianity practiced by the global African communities follows this trend?
Lastly, on the subject of African colonization, what is its legacy in 2010 for the global African communities at the individual level? What is your own experience?
N3
August 13th, 2010 at 07:53
“I prefer not to compare our inflicted abuses with other colonial abuses, except as a way of sharing in collective pain and grief.”
We agree, cultures gain more understanding and respect for one another once “common ground” is found. Your comments have opened our eyes to issues we never knew existed and we thank you for that.
“What are the defining traits that make some resilient and others fragile when exposed to similar levels of trauma? ”
Family upbringing would the response of some, while others may say fate – the answer lies within the individual.
“What is your take on the level of Christianity’s popularity within the global African communities?”
Well from one perspective, some scholars state that christianity was in existence long before europeans or albinos (those without melanin) existed. So in essence christianity was being practiced but not being labeled as such. Another perspective would place christian popularity in the same light as a shield – in colonial times and slavery times the only place one could seek solace and peace was in the church. It appeared to be the only place that europeans held respect for – thus our communities used them as safehouses and meeting places. In another sense, others would say that in terms of the colonized nations of africa, practicing christianity was or is a way to gain acceptance with the previous supposed owners of that country. Many like you stated before were raised to hate themselves and their culture so they gave in and changed their religion which is a sad thing to hear because it is devastating. We just came across an article that stated that a father killed his two daughters because they dated non-muslim boys and as their religion states the punishment is death. And the father killed his two daughters. As sad of a story that it is, you must respect the father for practicing his religion’s beliefs in the US and on US soil.
“What I’ve seen in many First Nations is varying levels of syncretism marrying Native traditions with Christian ones? Do you think that the Christianity practiced by the global African communities follows this trend?”
The word acceptance comes to mind. Please give this some thought – if you practiced XYZ religion and had for thousands of years. To change your religion would be something major and/or something seen as disrespectful in the eyes of elders – what could make someone stop practicing something that is their legacy? Force in the form of violence, mistreatment and death….some would say that is the only answer. The varying levels of syncretism may be the First Nations attempt to gain more acceptance in a society that offers them none. But we ask the question why change our ways if the original colonizer will not change theirs. Why not just acknowledge that two different religions exist. Why must we always be the one running to gain acceptance?
Lastly, on the subject of African colonization, what is its legacy in 2010 for the global African communities at the individual level? What is your own experience?
We speak for none but we speak for all. Scholars state that the first huemans of this earth were of rich melanin and appeared what we call today as africans, so when that question is asked we consider yourself african as well. We are all the same but somehow power and greed, and much more has caused us to fragment. But if you view the word african as meaning to have melanin then most of the world is african. (Just some food for thought).
To answer the question would require us to know every afrikan community and we do not, but we can say that regardless of any country it appears that we are trying to regain our stature in this world but sadly enough we are following the colonizers of europe and the west which some would say is foolish. Why? Because these are the same people that raped, ravaged, murdered and sabotaged our existence since the 1500s and continue to do so.
When you have time please take a look at post we read about Tanzania, we think it gives great insight into the mindset of some of your and our african sisters and brothers:
Link: http://wp.me/p3X1x-1FL
nativecoach
August 13th, 2010 at 21:23
Thanks for that very thorough response. I appreciate our correspondence. I promise to look at that link soon. The reason for asking you about your own experience is to find out more about the person you are, where you’re from, etc. I don’t even know where you live. I was just curious to find out more. That’s all.
Rich
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